Explore Egypt’s Deepest Past: The Prehistoric Artifacts at NMEC

Go back to where the human story truly begins. The Prehistoric Hall at the NMEC takes you on a journey to the deep past, long before pyramids or even farming. This is the era of Egypt's first inhabitants—the Stone Age hunters and gatherers who roamed the land. Here, you will see the oldest objects in the entire museum. Come face-to-face with ancient human skeletons, marvel at the sharp flint and stone tools that were essential for survival, and see the first primitive attempts at art. These artifacts are a powerful reminder of how human life began in the Nile Valley, setting the stage for the civilization that was to come.

Prehistoric Artifacts at NMEC Museum

Prehistoric period artifacts in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization from 35000 Years Ago, since man lived in caves and rock shelters, prehistory has witnessed the evolution of humans and their experiences. As a scavenger and hunter, the prehistoric man fashioned stone tools to assist him in meeting his requirements and protect him from harm. Egypt has the world’s earliest known handmade lithic tools, which date back more than two million years. These artifacts support the existence of humans in Egypt, as the route used by human migrations from Africa to the ancient world.

Man has relied on producing pebble tools from the Eolithic era, which have developed into stone hand-axes over time. According to the nature of the Flintstone’s use, artisans used to slice the edges to remove the flints from the core. The oldest traces of human existence on Egyptian soil may be found there. The earliest known skeleton in Egypt comes from the Qena  Governorate, and it confirms the civic presence in Egypt from prehistoric times to the present.

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Prehistoric Artifacts in Civilization Museum

Prehistoric Artifacts – Nazlet Khater Skeleton

Nazlet Khater skeleton

In this burial, we discovered the skeleton of a young man near Nazlet Khater in the Sohag Governorate. He lived 35,000 years ago, and his bones suggest he had a tall, muscular body. They also found one of his stone tools alongside him, which indicates he was a sane human.

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Prehistoric Artifacts – Stone Tools

Stone tools

Ancient Egyptians created stone tools about two million years ago. These tools helped with daily needs. They used them for food, clothing, and protection.

They made tools by hitting a stone, used a hammer of stone, wood, or bone. This action separated the flints.  Tools sharpened on one side were used as knives, scalpels, or razors. Tools sharpened on both sides became hand axes. People used pointed tools as gimlets or arrowheads. Over time, stone tools became more advanced, and later, metal tools replaced them.

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