The Waterwheels of Fayoum Oasis
The waterwheels of Fayoum Oasis are some of Egypt’s most intriguing ancient structures. Over 200 of them straddle the canals, and they testify to the region’s long history of innovation in irrigation. The fast-moving water of the canals powers these wooden wheels, which are unique to the area. People introduced them to Fayoum during the Ptolemaic period, demonstrating the area’s importance as an agricultural hub for thousands of years.
How the Waterwheels Work
Fayoum’s waterwheels are remarkable feats of engineering. Typically, they are 4 to 5 meters in diameter and coated with black tar. This tar protects the wood from water damage, ensuring the wheels’ longevity. Each waterwheel can lift water up to 3 meters, spilling it onto higher ground to irrigate fields.
Every January, Egyptians clean the canals. In the Fayoum, this means closing the sluices. The working waterwheels are then cleaned and repaired. This annual maintenance is vital for the region’s agriculture, ensuring the continuous supply of water to the fields.
Notable Waterwheels
While many waterwheels are scattered throughout the Fayoum, some are particularly famous.
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The “Famous Seven”: A trademark of the Fayoum, these seven waterwheels are located in the countryside along the Bahr Sinnuris canal. Their rhythmic creaking and groaning are a signature sound of the region.
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The Biggest Waterwheel: The largest waterwheel in Egypt is in the village of Basiouniya, 14 kilometers east of Fayoum. It stands at an impressive 8 meters tall and weighs over 2 tonnes. This monumental waterwheel, which costs around 50,000 EGP to build, provides fresh water to 88 acres (37 hectares) of agricultural land.
The waterwheels need regular maintenance. Workers service the biggest waterwheel once a year in mid-January during the low-flow season. They must replace it entirely every six years. When it is time to install a new one, locals celebrate the occasion with festivals. They recognize the waterwheels as a vital source of economic benefit for their community.
The “Taboot” Waterwheel
Fayoum’s peasants have a special name for these dynamic waterwheels. They call them “Taboot” to distinguish them from the traditional “Sakia,” which is powered by animals. Today, the waterwheels are an iconic feature of the Fayoum landscape. Tourists can see this wonderful irrigation machinery while wandering around the streets of Fayoum. The rhythmic sound and sight of these ancient wooden machines continue to be a source of wonder and a reminder of the region’s rich agricultural heritage.
